Comment on “Outcomes of curative liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis”

The present letter to the editor is in response to the research “Outcomes of curative liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis” by Elshaarawy et al in World J Gastroenterol 2021; 13(5): 424–439. The preoperative assessment of the liver reserve function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with cirrhosis is crucial, and there is no universal consensus on how to assess it. Based on a retrospective study, Elshaarawy et al investigated the impact of various classical clinical indicators on liver failure and the prognosis after hepatectomy in HCC patients with cirrhosis. We recommend that we should strive to explore new appraisal indicators, such as the indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min.     

黑逍遥散对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠海马和脑皮层CaMKⅡα蛋白及其磷酸化表达的影响

目的:观察黑逍遥散对阿尔茨海默症(AD)小鼠海马和脑皮层钙调蛋白依赖性激酶2α(CaMKⅡα)及其磷酸化表达水平的干预效应。方法:30只APP/PS1双转基因雄性小鼠称体质量并按随机原则分为模型组、盐酸多奈哌齐组、黑逍遥散组,每组10只。同月龄、同种系的野生型C57BL/6雄性小鼠10只为空白组。盐酸多奈哌齐组(6 g·kg~(-1))、黑逍遥散组(3. 25 mg·kg~(-1))分别连续给药90 d后,Morris水迷宫检测行为学变化,免疫组化和蛋白免疫印迹法检测小鼠海马区和脑皮层CaMKⅡα蛋白及其磷酸化的表达。结果:干预90 d后,与空白组比较,AD模型组小鼠,逃避潜伏期显著延长,跨原平台和有效区域次数显著减少(P 0. 01),小鼠海马区及脑皮层Ca MKⅡα蛋白表达显著减弱或降低,而p-CaMKⅡα蛋白表达显著升高(P 0. 05,P 0. 01);与模型组比较,盐酸多奈哌齐和黑逍遥散组小鼠的逃避潜伏期均显著缩短、跨原平台次数均显著增加(P 0. 01),小鼠海马区及脑皮层Ca MKⅡα蛋白显著增强或升高,p-CaMKⅡα蛋白表达显著降低(P 0. 05,P 0. 01)。结论:黑逍遥散通过调节AD小鼠不同脑区参与细胞记忆形成机制的关键蛋白Ca MKⅡα及其磷酸化表达,进而发挥改善AD小鼠的学习记忆能力。     

Penetration moxibustion for postpartum subinvolution of uterus: Two case reports and mechanism analysis: 透灸法成功治疗产后子宫复旧不良:两则病例报告及机制分析

This article introduced the application of penetration moxibustion in successfully treating two cases of postpartum subinvolution of uterus. The main complaint of one case was increasing volume of abnormal vaginal bleeding for five days after delivery. The bleeding stopped after the patient received 7 times treatment of warming needle and penetration moxibustion on Zhōngjí (中极CV3), Guānyuán (关元CV4) and Qìhăi (气海CV6). The other case complained about persistent abdominal pain for 15 days, which was worsening for the recent 2 days. The symptom of abdominal pain was relieved after the penetration moxibustion was applied on CV4, CV6 and Zǐgōng (子宫 EX-CA1) for 5 times for the case. Penetration moxibustion can relieve abdominal pain during the postpartum period, accelerate lochia discharge, and recovery of menstrual and uterine cavity. Àiyè (艾叶 Artemisiae Argyi Folium) was proved to have antibacterial, hemostatic, and analgesic effects. The warming function and radiation features of moxibustion can help to alleviate spasm of the smooth muscle in the uterus and enhance the metabolism of the uterine tissue by expanding microvessels and improving the circulations of both blood and lymph. It can also activate cells in the uterine tissue by increased temperature in order to enhance the decomposition and elimination of pathological wastes, such as inflammation and hematoma. In addition, it can also relieve pelvic pain by inhibiting neuronal excitability.     

胆总管结石治疗后复发因素的研究进展

胆总管结石是外科最常见的良性疾病之一,随着科技的进步、医疗技术的提升以及医院硬件设施的完善,经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术（ERCP）及腹腔镜胆总管探查术（LCBDE）已经成为胆总管结石的主要治疗手段,且具创伤小、恢复快的临床优势。但是,临床多中心研究数据显示,胆总管结石术后复发率为4%~24%,因此,胆总管结石术后复发是外科医生必须面对的挑战和亟待解决的问题。胆总管结石的形成是一个复杂的遗传和环境因素相互作用的过程,其具体机制尚未完全阐明,术后复发机制及相关因素亦成为临床研究的难点和热点。笔者通过整理归纳相关文献,从十二指肠乳头括约肌功能、胆道微生态、胆道解剖三个维度,阐述胆总管结石术后复发的相关机制与研究进展,为预防胆总管结石术后复发提供新的策略和研究方向。     

加速康复外科在达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术中的应用体会

目的:探讨快速康复外科(FTS)在达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术中的临床应用价值。方法:选取2018年10月至2019年5月53例行达芬奇胃癌根治术的患者,随机分为快速康复组(n=25)与常规组(n=28),快速康复组采取FTS理念指导下的围手术期管理;常规组采取常规围手术期管理。比较两组临床资料、围手术期资料(术后住院时间、C反应蛋白、术后下床活动时间、术后进食流食时间、术后通气时间、清扫淋巴结数量、术中出血量、住院费用)及并发症情况。结果:快速康复组与常规组术后通气时间[(2.16±0.62)d vs.(2.71±0.46)d]、术后进食流食时间[(2.28±0.68)d vs.(3.07±0.47)d]、术后C反应蛋白[(16.54±2.68)mg/dL vs.(18.47±2.99)mg/dL]、术后下床活动时间[(1.20±0.41)d vs.(2.86±0.76)d]、术后住院时间[(9.32±1.73)d vs.(12.57±7.90)d]差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组住院总费用[(89006.59±9202.19)元vs.(90951.84±11549.55)元]、术中出血量[(153.20±107.46)mL vs.(157.14±113.62)mL]、清扫淋巴结总数[(43.24±18.70)vs.(39.54±12.24)]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:FTS与达芬奇机器人胃癌根治术的结合可降低临床分期Ⅲ期及以下无远处转移的原发性胃癌患者的手术应激及炎症反应,促进胃肠功能早期恢复,住院时间短,患者短期收益大,值得进一步临床应用。     

Ivor Lewis和Sweet术式治疗食管癌疗效及安全性的Meta分析

目的:探讨食管癌切除术Ivor Lewis和Sweet两种术式的临床治疗效果及心肺保护作用。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、EMBASE、CNKI、Wanfang Data、VIP和CBM数据库，最终纳入24篇文献，其中包括21篇病例对照研究、3篇随机对照研究(RCT)，总共包含5 082例患者，其中行Ivor Lewis术式患者2 241例，行Sweet术式患者2 841例。采用RevMan5.3进行Meta分析。结果:术后心血管并发症发生率Meta分析结果得出［OR=0.50，95%CI(0.25,1.01)，P=0.05］，差异有统计学意义。术后肺部并发症发生率Meta分析结果得出［OR=0.69,95%CI(0.48,0.99)，P=0.04］，差异有统计学意义。术后吻合口瘘发生率Meta分析结果得出［OR=0.83,95%CI(0.51,1.35)，P=0.45］，差异无统计学意义。术后喉返神经损伤发生率Meta分析结果得出［OR=1.57，95%CI(0.75,3.27)，P=0.23］，差异无统计学意义。3年生存率Meta分析结果得出［OR=1.91，95%CI(1.29,2.81)，P=0.001］，Ivor Lewis组患者术后3年生存率高于Sweet组，差异有统计学意义。手术时间Meta分析结果得出［MD=30.61,95%CI(14.48,46.74),P=0.000 2］，差异有统计学意义。淋巴结清扫数目Meta分析结果得出［MD=5.81,95%CI(4.63,6.99),P＜0.001］，差异有统计学意义。术中出血量Meta分析结果得出［MD=4.54,95%CI(-4.54，13.63)，P=0.33］，差异无统计学意义。术后住院天数Meta分析结果得出［MD=-0.59,95%CI(-1.80,0.61),P=0.33］，差异无统计学意义。结论:与Sweet手术相比，Ivor Lewis手术在淋巴结清扫、心肺并发症发生率以及生存率方面有较大优势。而在手术时间方面，传统Sweet手术更具优势。     

Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulate osteogenic differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts by upregulating the expression of BMPRII localized at the base of primary cilium

Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been considered as a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, however, the mechanism of its action is still elusive. We have previously reported that 50 Hz 0.6 mT PEMFs stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in a primary cilium- dependent manner, but did not know the reason. In the current study, we found that the PEMFs promoted osteogenic differentiation and maturation of rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROBs) by activating bone morphogenetic protein BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling on the condition that primary cilia were normal. Further studies revealed that BMPRII, the primary binding receptor of BMP ligand, was readily and strongly upregulated by PEMF treatment and localized at the bases of primary cilia. Abrogation of primary cilia with small interfering RNA sequence targeting IFT88 abolished the PEMF-induced upregulation of BMPRII and its ciliary localization. Knockdown of BMPRII expression level with RNA interference had no effects on primary cilia but significantly decreased the promoting effect of PEMFs on osteoblastic differentiation and maturation. These results indicated that PEMFs stimulate osteogenic differentiation and maturation of osteoblast by primary cilium-mediated upregulation of BMPRII expression and subsequently activation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling, and that BMPRII is the key component linking primary cilium and BMP-Smad1/5/8 pathway. This study has thus revealed the molecular mechanism for the osteogenic effect of PEMFs.     

Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 overexpression predicts biochemical recurrence in men with prostate cancer

BackgroundProtein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) has been reported to be implicated into the completion of cytokinesis and is dys-regulated in a cancer-specific manner. However, it roles in human prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern of PRC1 and its clinical significance in this malignancy.Materials and methodsPRC1 protein expression in human PCa and non-cancerous prostate tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, which was validated by microarray-based Taylor data at mRNA level. Then, the associations of PRC1 expression with clinicopathological features and clinical outcome of PCa patients were statistically analyzed.ResultsPRC1 expression in PCa tissues, at both mRNA and protein levels, were significantly higher than those in non-cancerous prostate tissues. In addition, the PCa patients with PRC1 overexpression more frequently had high Gleason score, advanced pathological stage, positive metastasis, short overall survival time and positive PSA failure than those with low Gleason score, early pathological stage, negative metastasis, long overall survival time and negative PSA failure (all P < 0.05). Moreover, PRC1 expression was identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor of biochemical recurrence-free survival in PCa patients (P < 0.001).ConclusionThese findings suggest that the aberrant expression of PRC1 may predict biochemical recurrence in men with PCa highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker of this malignancy.     

14省市新型冠状病毒肺炎中医药预防方案比较研究

通过检索国家和地方政府、卫生健康委员会、疾病预防控制中心和药品监督管理局网站,获取不同省份新型冠状病肺炎中医药预防方案,对不同省份中医药预防新型冠状病毒肺炎进行对比分析,同时采用可视化软件对方剂中的中药进行网络分析,期望为预防新型冠状病毒肺炎的药物选择提供帮助.